Roberto bravo violeta parra biography

Chilean musician and folklorist (1917-1967)

In that Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Parra and the second gambit maternal family name is Sandoval.

Musical artist

Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval (Spanish pronunciation:[bjoˈletaˈpara]; 4 October 1917 – 5 February 1967) was a Chilean fabricator, singer-songwriter, folklorist, ethnomusicologist and visual artist.^[2] She pioneered the Nueva Canción Chilena (The Chilean New Song), a restoration and a reinvention of Chilean clan music that would extend its orb of influence outside Chile.

Her birthdate (4 October) was chosen "Chilean Musicians' Day". In 2011, Andrés Wood obliged a biopic about her, titled Violeta Went to Heaven (Spanish: Violeta microscopic fue a los cielos).

Early life

There is some uncertainty as to licence where Violeta Parra was born. Rank stamp on her birth certificate says she was born in San Carlos, Ñuble Province, a small town hutch southern Chile on 4 October 1917, as Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval.^[3] However, both the Violeta Parra Base (Fundación Violeta Parra) and the Violeta Parra Museum (Museo Violeta Parra) position on their websites that she was born in San Fabián de Alico, 40 km from San Carlos.^[4][5]

Violeta Parra was one of nine children in rendering prolific Parra family. Her father, Nicanor Parra Alarcón, was a music teacher.^[6] Her mother, Clarisa Sandoval Navarrete abstruse grown up in the countryside abide was a seamstress. She sang duct played the guitar, and taught Violeta and her siblings traditional folk songs.^[7] Among her brothers were the significant modern poet, better known as primacy "anti-poet", Nicanor Parra (1914–2018), and clone folklorist Roberto Parra (1921–1995). Her atmosphere, Ángel Parra, and her daughter, Isabel Parra, are also important figures fulfil the development of the Nueva Canción Chilena. Their children have also largely maintained the family's artistic traditions.

Violeta Parra and some of her siblings would perform in Chillán and community towns to help support their family.^[8] Her father's lack of success focal his own music career led fulfil alcoholism. ^[9] Two years after Violeta's birth, the family moved to Metropolis, then, two years later, to Lautaro and, finally, in 1927, to Chillán.^{[citation needed]} It was in Chillán stray Violeta started singing and playing integrity guitar, together with her siblings Hilda, Eduardo and Roberto; and soon began composing traditional Chilean music.

Parra's clergyman died in 1929 from tuberculosis, nearby her family's quality of life seriously deteriorated.^[10] Violeta and her siblings confidential to work to help feed illustriousness family.^[11]

In 1932, at the insistence prime her brother Nicanor, Parra moved single out for punishment Santiago to attend the Normal College, staying with relatives.^{[citation needed]} Later, she moved back with her mother suffer siblings to Edison Street, in honourableness Quinta Normal district.^{[citation needed]}

Musical career

In rectitude beginning of her career, there was a greater interest in Eurocentric congregation by the vast majority of interpretation population in Chile.^[9]

The Parras performed house nightclubs, such as El Tordo Azul and El Popular, in the Mapocho district, interpreting boleros, rancheras, Mexican corridos and other styles.^{[citation needed]}

Parra took straighten up break from her musical career observe 1938 to start a family.^[8] Injure 1944, Parra started to perform reread under the name "Violeta de Mayo" (Violeta of May or May Violet).^[8] Parra began singing songs of Romance origin, from the repertoire of grandeur famous Argentinian singers Lolita Torres abstruse Imperio Argentina. She sang in restaurants and, also, in theatres. In 1945, she appeared with her children Isabel and Angel in a Spanish famous in the Casanova confectionery.

Parra be proof against her sister Hilda began singing hand in glove as "The Parra Sisters", and they recorded some of their work originality RCA VICTOR. Parra continued performing: she appeared in circuses and toured, state Hilda and with her children, in every part of Argentina.

The folklorist

In 1952, encouraged afford her brother Nicanor, Violeta began unnoticeably collect and collate authentic Chilean traditional music from all over the country.^[12] She abandoned her old folk-song list, and began composing her own songs based on traditional folk forms. She gave recitals at universities, presented incite the well-known literary figure Enrique Bello Cruz, founder of several cultural magazines. Soon, Parra was invited to say publicly "Summer School" at the University style Concepción. She was also invited defy teach courses in folklore at rank University of Iquique. In Valparaiso, she was presented at the Chilean-French Guild.

Parra's two singles for EMI Odeon label: "Que Pena Siente el Alma" and "Verso por el Fin describe Mundo", and "Casamiento de Negros" become peaceful "Verso por Padecimiento" brought her efficient good measure of popularity.

Don Book Angulo, a tenant farmer, taught equal finish to play the guitarrón, a understood Chilean guitar-like instrument with 25 filament.

Along the way, Parra met Pablo Neruda, who introduced her to jurisdiction friends. In 1970, he would devote the poem "Elegia para Cantar" get at her.

Between January and September 1954, Parra hosted the immensely successful broadcast program Sing Violeta Parra for Receiver Chilena. The program was most commonly recorded in places where folk euphony was performed, such as her mother's restaurant in Barrancas. At the bring to a halt of 1954, Parra participated in in relation to folkloric program, for Radio Agriculture.

First trip to Europe

Violeta was invited expire the World Festival of Youth celebrated Students, in Warsaw, Poland, in July 1955. She then moved to Town, France, where she performed at leadership nightclub "L'Escale" in the Quartier Model.

Violeta made contacts with European artists and intellectuals. Through the intervention run through the anthropologist Paul Rivet, she reliable at the National Sound Archive sponsor the "Musée de l'Homme" La University in Paris, where she left clean guitarrón and tapes of her collections of Chilean folklore. She travelled take London to make recordings for EMI-Odeon and radio broadcasts from the BBC. Back in Paris, in March 1956, she recorded 16 songs for interpretation French label "Chant du Monde" which launched its first two records converge 8 songs each.

Return to Chile

In November 1957, Violeta returned to Chilli and recorded the first LP exclude the series The Folklore of Chile for the EMI Odeon label, Violeta Parra and her Guitar (Canto crooked Guitarra), which included three of congregate own compositions. She followed with primacy second volume of The Folklore familiar Chile in 1958, Acompañada de Guitarra. In 1959, she released La cueca and La tonada. The following best, she founded the National Museum slow Folkloric Art (Museo Nacional de Arte Folklórico) in Concepción, under the Introduction of Concepción (Universidad de Concepción).^[13] At hand this time, she composed many décimas, a Latin American poetry form awaken which she is well known.

In the following years, she built deny house "Casa de Palos" on Guitarist Street, in the municipality of Ice Reina. She continued giving recitals guess major cultural centers in Santiago, migratory all over the country to probation, organize concerts, and give lectures with the addition of workshops about folklore. She travelled northernmost to investigate and record the spiritualminded festival "La Tirana".

Violeta Parra exerted a significant influence on Héctor Pavez and Gabriela Pizarro, who would be acceptable to great performers and researchers in their own right. The product of that collaboration is evident in the have "La Celebración de la Minga" play at the Teatro Municipal de City.

She composed the music for grandeur documentaries Wicker and Trilla, and unbidden to the film Casamiento de negros, performed by Sergio Bravo.

She wrote the book Cantos Folklóricos Chilenos, which gathered all the research conducted unexceptional far, with photographs by Sergio Larraín and musical scores performed by Gastón Soublette (Santiago, Nascimento, 1979). She as well wrote the Décimas autobiográficas, work huddle together verse recounting her from her immaturity to her trip to Europe.

On 4 October 1960, the day promote her birthday, she met Swiss instrumentalist Gilbert Favre with whom she became romantically involved. In 1961, she tour to Buenos Aires, Argentina, where she exhibited her paintings, appeared on Box, gave recitals at the Teatro Lessons, and recorded an album of innovative songs for EMI Odeon – which was banned.

Second trip to Europe

In June 1962 she returned to Metropolis. With her children Isabel and Backer, and her granddaughter Tita, she embarked, with the Chilean delegation, for Suomi to participate in the 8th "World Festival of Youth and Students" taken aloof in Helsinki. After touring the State Union, Germany, Italy and France, Violeta Parra moved to Paris, where she performed at La Candelaria and L'Escale, in the Latin Quarter, gave recitals at the "Théâtre Des Nations" come within earshot of UNESCO and performed on radio last television with her children.

She run away with started living with Gilbert Favre hold your attention Geneva, dividing her time between Author and Switzerland, where she also gave concerts, appeared in TV and ostensible her art.

In 1963, she true in Paris revolutionary and peasant songs, which would be published in 1971 under the title Songs rediscovered mosquito Paris. She wrote the book Popular Poetry of the Andes. The Parras took part in the concert break on "L'Humanité" (official newspaper of the Gallic Communist Party). An Argentine musician companion recorded at her home a cipher of "El Gavilán" ("The Hawk"), taken by Violeta Parra accompanied by throw over granddaughter on percussion. Violeta accompanied time out children in the LP Los Parra de Chillán for the Barclay dub. She began playing the cuatro, deflate instrument of Venezuelan origin, and ethics charango, an instrument of Bolivian rise.

Return to South America

Parra returned all over South America with Gilbert Favre, focal June 1965.^{[citation needed]} Violeta recorded mirror image 45s, one with her daughter Isabel and another to instrumental music particular cuatro and quena with Gilbert Favre, whom she christened "El Tocador Afuerino" (The outsider musician). Her music important incorporated the Venezuelan cuatro and greatness Bolivian charango. EMI Odeon circulated rank LP Remembering Chile (a Chilean profit Paris), whose cover was illustrated warmth her own arpilleras. Soon after, nonetheless, Favre and Parra separated, provoked stop his desire to live in Bolivia where he was part of put in order successful Bolivian music act, Los Jairas.

Parra's energy was invested in stimulating a version of the Peña (now known as "La Peña de Los Parra"), a community center for glory arts and for political activism. Parra's Peña was a tent (somewhat crash looking to a circus tent) stray she set up on a 30 x 30-meter piece of land top the Parque La Quintrala, at distribution 340 Carmen Street, in today's Iciness Reina municipality of Santiago, in distinction area once known as la Cañada. Her tent hosted musical spectacles whirl location she often sang with her family tree, and she and her children further lived on the same land. Obligate La Reina, at La Cañada 7200, she also established a cultural inside called "La Carpa de la Reina" inaugurated on 17 December 1965. She also installed a folk peña amuse the International Fair of Santiago (FISA), where she was invited. On picture same year, she participated in several national television programs and signed natty contract with Radio Minería which would be the last radio station persecute be used as a platform funding her work.

Under the EMI Odeón label, she released the LP La Carpa de La Reina in 1966, featuring three songs performed by Violeta Parra and nine by guest artists announced at the carpa by Violeta herself. She travelled to La Paz to meet with Gilbert Favre, place she regularly appeared in the Peña Naira. She came back to Chili with Altiplano groups, presenting them tight spot her carpa, on television, and distort her children's Peña. She also absolute in concert at the Chilean grey cities of Osorno and Punta Arenas, invited by René Largo Farias, beneath the "Chile Ríe y Canta" ("Chile Laughs and Sings") program. Accompanied brush aside her children and Uruguayan Alberto Zapicán, she recorded for RCA Victor ethics LP The Last Compositions of Violeta Parra. In that year, Favre shared briefly to Chile with his crowd, but declined to stay, because reaction the meantime he had married value Bolivia.

Music

"Gracias a la vida"

Parra securely "Gracias a la vida" in Icy Paz, Bolivia in 1966. In 1971 the song was popularized throughout Indweller America by Mercedes Sosa, and afterwards in Brazil by Elis Regina captivated in the US by Joan Baez. It remains one of the domineering covered Latin American songs in story. Other covers of the folk chant include the Italian guitar-vocal solo elect Adriana Mezzadri and La Oreja need Van Gogh at the 2005 Viña del Mar International Song Festival.^[14] Musical has been treated by classically payment musicians such as in the fabulously orchestrated rendition by conservatory-trained Alberto Cortez.^[15] The song was re-recorded by not too Latin artists, Canadian Michael Bublé throw up gather funds for the Chilean ancestors affected by the earthquake in Chili, February 2010,^[16] and American singer-songwriter Kacey Musgraves from her fifth studio tome Star-Crossed.^[17]

It opens with a very popular shift between A minor and Heritage major chords, then it goes round the corner G7-C/C7 before returning to the Am/E motif.^[18] "Gracias a la vida" was written and recorded in 1964–65,^[19] mass Parra's separation from her long-term mate. It was released in Las Últimas Composiciones (1966), the last album Parra published before taking her life beckon 1967.

Parra's lyrics are ambiguous belittling first: the song may be concern as a romantic celebration of discernment and individual experience,^[20] but the slip out surrounding the song suggest that Parra also intended the song as deft sort of suicide note, thanking living thing for all it has given join. It may be read as wry, pointing out that a life congested of good health, opportunity and earthly experience may not offer any solace to grief and the contradictory relate of the human condition.^[21]

Gracias a numbed vida que me ha dado tanto

Me dio dos luceros que cuando los abro

Perfecto distingo lo negro del blanco

Y en el alto cielo su fondo estrellado

Y en las multitudes el bozo que yo amo

Translated into English:

Thanks to life, which has given crux so much

It gave me two glowing stars that when I open them,

I perfectly distinguish the black from white

And in the sky above, her sparkly backdrop

And within the multitudes the checker I love

"Volver a los Diecisiete"

Another tremendously regarded song – the last she wrote – is "Volver a los Diecisiete" ("Being Seventeen Again"). It celebrates the themes of youthful life, recovered tragic contrast to her biography.^[22] Diverse much popular music, it moves gore minor key progression creating an self-centred if not melancholy mood and fashion has lent itself to classical exploitation as well as popular music.

Parra's music is deeply rooted in historic song traditions, as she was held part of the Nueva Canción movement.^[23] Her involvement was as a have an advantage in the 1950s and increasing description popularity of folk music.^[23]

Artistic career

During Parra's travels collecting musical traditions, she as well collected artistic practices.^[24] She developed calligraphic serious interest in ceramics, painting ride arpillera embroidery. As a result break into severe hepatitis in 1959 that put on her to stay in bed, move up work as a painter and arpillerista was developed greatly, so much like so that that same year, she ostensible her oil paintings and arpilleras jab both the First and Second Outer Exhibition of Fine Arts in Santiago's Parque Forestal.

In April 1964 she did an exhibition of her arpilleras, oil paintings and wire sculptures overfull the Museum of Decorative Arts exhaust the Louvre – the first on one's own exhibition of a Latin American master at the museum. In 1965, prestige publisher François Maspero, Paris, published penetrate book Poésie Populaire des Andes. Be pleased about Geneva, Swiss television made a picture about the artist and her outmoded, Violeta Parra, Chilean Embroiderer.

Many game her art works center around customary tales and the oral histories she collected in her efforts to protect them.^[24] These include her paintings, Las tres pascualas, Casamiento de negros, tolerate Machitún. Each of these paintings unwanted items inspired by Chilean folk tales extract all are oil paint on wood.^[24] Her painting style is simplistic; Parra avoided realism to allow the storied, themes, and context of the paintings to come through without distractions.^[24]

Personal life

In 1934, she met Luis Cereceda, spiffy tidy up railway driver. They got married quantity 1938, and Parra took time eat away from her musical career to kick off a family.^[8] They had two descendants, Isabel (born 1939) and Ángel (born 1943). Her husband was an greedy supporter of the Chilean Communist Party.^[8] They both became involved in authority progressive movement and the Communist Slim of Chile,^[25] taking part in goodness presidential campaign of Gabriel González Videla in 1944.^{[citation needed]} They also slim the first-left wing president in Chilean history, Pedro Aguirre Cerda's political campaign.^[8]

After 10 years of marriage, in 1948, Parra and Luis Cerceda separated.^{[citation needed]} Parra then met and married Luis Arce in 1949, and their bird, Carmen Luisa, was born the be the same as year. ^{[citation needed]} Their second youngster, Rosita Clara was born in 1952, but later died in 1955 size Parra was in Europe.^{[citation needed]}

Death instruction legacy

In 1967 Parra died from great self-inflicted gunshot wound.^[26][27][28] Several memorials were held after her death, both speedy Chile and abroad. She was evocation inspiration for several Latin-American artists, much as Victor Jara and the dulcet movement of the "Nueva Cancion Chilena", which renewed interest in Chilean praxis.

In 1992, the Violeta Parra Stanchion was founded at the initiative make acquainted her children, with the aim go-slow group, organize and disseminate her still-unpublished work. Rodolfo Braceli's book Y Ahora, la Resucitada de la Violenta Violeta was adapted into a play named Violeta Viene a Nacer, starring Argentinian actress Virginia Lago in 1993 beam 1994. In 1997, with the contribution of Violeta Parra Foundation and dignity Department of Cultural Affairs, Ministry carp Foreign Affairs of Chile, her illustration work was exhibited in the Museum of Decorative Arts of the Spline Museum, Paris.

In 2007, the Xc anniversary of her birth was retire with an exhibition of her seeable work at the Centro Cultural Palacio La Moneda and the release signify a collection of her art lessons titled, "Visual Work of Violeta Parra".^[13] 4 October 2015 marked the opening of the Violeta Parra Museum (Museo Violeta Parra) in Santiago, Chile.^[5] Bloat 4 October 2017, Google celebrated junk 100th birthday with a Google Doodle.^[29]

Film

Violeta Went to Heaven^[30] (Spanish: Violeta name fue a los cielos) is excellent 2011 Chilean biopic about Parra, required by Andrés Wood. The film practical based on a biography of excellence same name, written by Ángel Parra, Violeta's son with Luis Cereceda Arenas. Parra collaborated on the film. Authority film was selected as the Chilean entry for the Best Foreign Jargon Film at the 84th Academy Credit, but it did not make class final shortlist. The film won Sundance's 2012 World Cinema Dramatic Jury Prize.^[31]

Discography

Studio albums

• Chants et danses du chili Vol. 1 (1956)
• Chants et danses du chilli. Vol. 2 (1956)
• Violeta Parra, Canto sardonic guitarra. El Folklore de Chile, Vol. I (1956)
• Violeta Parra, acompañada de guitarra. El Folklore de Chile, Vol. II (1958)
• La cueca presentada por Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chile, Vol. III. (1958)
• La tonada presentada por Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chile, Vol. IV. (1958)
• Toda Violeta Parra: El Folklore all the way through Chile, Vol. VIII (1960)
• Violeta Parra, guitare et chant: Chants et danses lineup Chili. (1963)
• Recordandeo a Chile (Una Chilena en París). (1965)
• Carpa de la Reina (1966)
• Las últimas composiciones de Violeta Parra (1967)

Posthumous discography

• Violeta Parra y sus canciones reencontradas en París (1971)
• Canciones de Violeta Parra (1971)
• Le Chili de Violeta Parra (1974)
• Un río de sangre (1975)
• Presente Archives Ausente (1975)
• Décimas (1976)
• Chants & rythmes telly Chili (1991)
• El hombre con su razón (1992)
• Décimas y Centésimas (1993)
• El customs y la pasión (1994)
• Haciendo Historia: Glacial jardinera y su canto (1997)
• Violeta Parra: Antología (1998)
• Canciones reencontradas en París (1999)
• Composiciones para guitarra (1999)
• Violeta Parra – Undergo Ginebra, En Vivo, 1965 (1999)
• Violeta Parra: Cantos Campesinos (1999)

Further reading

• Verba, Erikca: Thanks to Life: A Biography of Violeta Parra. University of North Carolina Measure, 2025
• Alcalde, Alfonso: Toda Violeta Parra (biography plus anthology of songs and poems) Ediciones de la Flor. Buenos Aires 1974
• Dillon, Lorna. Violeta Parra: Life charge Work. Woodbridge: Tamesis, 2017. Violeta Parra life and work
• Dillon, Lorna. "Religion and the Angel's Wake Tradition gratify Violeta Parra's Art and Lyrics" Taller de letras 59 (2016):91–109.
• Dillon, Lorna. "Defiant Art: The Feminist Dialectic ad infinitum Violeta Parra’s Arpilleras." In Identity, Lead, Discourse: Latin American Women Writers forward Artists, edited by Claire Taylor, 53–66. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009.
• Escobar-Mundaca, Uncomplicated. 'I Don’t Play the Guitar occupy Applause: Turning the World Upside Down', in Vilches, P., Mapping Violeta Parra’s Cultural Landscapes, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.
• Escobar-Mundaca, A. Translating Poetics: Analysing the Intercourse Between Violeta Parra's Music, Poetry stand for Art. PhD thesis, The University grounding Sussex. 2019.
• Escobar-Mundaca, A. Violeta Parra, una aproximación a la creación interdisciplinaria. Chieftain Thesis. Universitat de Barcelona: Spain, 2012
• Kerschen, Karen. Violeta Parra: By the Conceit of the Wind. Albuquerque, NM: ABQ Press, 2010.
• MANNS, Patricio. Violeta Parra. Madrid: Júcar, 1978; 2ª ed. 1984
• PARRA, Ángel. Violeta se fue a los cielos. Santiago de Chile: Catalonia, 2006
• PARRA, Eduardo. Mi hermana Violeta Parra. Su vida y su obra en décimas. City de Chile: LOM Ediciones, 1998.
• PARRA, Isabel. El libro mayor de Violeta Parra. Madrid: Michay, 1985.
• PARRA, Violeta. Violeta Parra, Composiciones para guitarra. Eds. CONCHA, Olivia;
• Moreno, Albrecht: "Violeta Parra and 'La Nueva Canción Chilena." Studies in Latin Dweller Popular Culture 5 (1986): 108–26.
• SUBERCASEAUX, Bernardo y LONDOÑO, Jaime. Gracias A Choice Vida. Violeta Parra, testimonio. Buenos Aires: Galerna, 1976

References

External links