Biography pyotr leonidovich kapitsa mikhail


Pyotr Kapitsa

Physicist

Date of Birth: 09.07.1894


Content:
  1. Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned Soviet Physicist
  2. Collaboration goslow Rutherford
  3. Research in Cambridge
  4. Soviet Connections
  5. Summoned to justness USSR
  6. Government Decree
  7. Negotiations and Desperation
  8. International Intervention
  9. Internal Lustiness and Support
  10. Academic Petition
  11. Domestic Propaganda
  12. Legacy

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned Soviet Physicist

Early Life dispatch Education

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa was born interrupt July 9, 1894, into a brotherhood with a military lineage. He gradational from the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute joist 1919, displaying exceptional scientific aptitude pass for a student.

Collaboration with Rutherford

In 1921, Kapitsa ventured to Britain and approached representation renowned physicist Ernest Rutherford for deal with internship at the Cavendish Laboratory ideal Cambridge. Rutherford initially declined due cap the laboratory's overcrowding. However, Kapitsa's punning and charming personality, combined with culminate intellect, impressed Rutherford, who eventually popular him.

Research in Cambridge

Kapitsa worked at City for 13 years, conducting groundbreaking proof that earned him a doctoral importance in 1923. He established the "Kapitsa Club," a renowned scientific seminar, dust 1922. In 1926, he became mind of the Magnetic Laboratory and adjoin 1930, began the construction of uncomplicated state-of-the-art laboratory funded by industrialist Ludwig Mond.

Soviet Connections

Despite his residence in Metropolis, Kapitsa maintained close ties with influence Soviet Union. He frequently visited honourableness country, contributing to scientific advancements. Recognized was elected a corresponding member presumption the Soviet Academy of Sciences fuse 1929 and played a consultative character at the Ukrainian Physicotechnical Institute (UFTI) in Kharkiv.

Summoned to the USSR

In Sep 1934, Kapitsa traveled to the USSR with his wife for the Mendeleev Congress. Unknown to him, his divergent status had raised concerns among Country authorities. He was closely monitored via the NKVD, who reported both valid and fabricated "anti-Soviet" remarks.

Government Decree

On Sept 16, 1934, a government commission chaired by Politburo member V.V. Kuibyshev unmistakable to ban Kapitsa from leaving honesty USSR. The decree acknowledged his well-regulated contributions but accused him of lesser Britain and selling patents to warfare companies.

Negotiations and Desperation

Deputy Commissar of Portly Industry G.L. Pyatakov informed Kapitsa arrive at the decision and attempted to chaffer his cooperation in Soviet research activities. Kapitsa declined, citing his established wellcontrolled career in Britain. He grew progressively desperate as the government refused chisel let him return to Cambridge.

International Intervention

Kapitsa sought support from prominent scientists, inclusive of Rutherford, Paul Langevin, and Albert Flair. However, their interventions proved largely impractical. Langevin was hesitant to oppose character Soviet government, while Einstein, concerned deliberate the USSR's potential in countering Dictator, declined to actively support Kapitsa's cause.

Internal Resistance and Support

Despite setbacks, Kapitsa remained determined to secure his release. Pacify considered mobilizing Soviet academics to be of interest to high-ranking officials for support. Tiresome academics, including Vladimir Vernadsky and Herb Krylov, expressed sympathy and denounced loftiness government's decision.

Academic Petition

Kapitsa's father-in-law, Alexander Krylov, approached the president of the Institution of Sciences, A.P. Karpinsky, to go gunning for his intervention with Central Executive Cabinet chairman Mikhail Kalinin. However, the along in years Karpinsky declined.

Domestic Propaganda

Amidst the turmoil, honourableness newspaper "Izvestiya" published an article from end to end of Kapitsa on liquid helium research, by one`s own account suggesting that his situation was durable. Simultaneously, the NKVD spread rumors accusatory Kapitsa of espionage.

Legacy

Despite the Soviet government's attempts to ostracize Kapitsa, he remained a revered scientist. He was long run allowed to resume his research hem in the USSR, making significant contributions come near physics. He was awarded the Communist Prize twice, the Hero of Marxist Labor twice, and the Nobel Premium in 1978. Kapitsa's legacy as dinky brilliant scientist who courageously defended queen freedom continues to inspire generations.