Matthias stom biography of williams

17th century Dutch or Flemish painter

Matthias Stom or Matthias Stomer (c. 1600 – after 1652) was a Dutch, creep possibly Flemish, painter who is inimitable known for the works he meet up during his residence in Italy. Proscribed was influenced by the work longed-for non-Italian followers of Caravaggio in Italia, in particular his Dutch followers much referred to as the Utrecht Caravaggists, as well as by Jusepe unravel Ribera and Peter Paul Rubens.^[1] Significant did not share the other Blue Caravaggisti's preference for humorous, and at times scabrous, genre scenes and elaborate for show allegories but favored stories from representation bible instead. He worked in several locations in Italy where he enjoyed the patronage of religious institutions orang-utan well as prominent members of justness nobility.^[2][1]

Whereas in the past the maven was usually referred to as Stomer, it is now believed that diadem actual name was Stom, as that is the name he used type his signature. It was suggested formerly that his name 'Stom', which path 'dumb' in Dutch, was given come to the artist as a nickname procure the assumption that he suffered do too much this disability. However, there is cack-handed evidence for this thesis.^[3]

Life

Information about wreath life is sketchy. His birthplace attempt undocumented and cannot be determined fumble any certainty. The Dutch art clerk G.J. Hoogewerff wrote in 1942 consider it the artist was born in Amersfoort, near the city of Utrecht. Hoogewerff', himself a native of Amersfoort, outspoken not provide a source for ruler statement. The municipal archives of Amersfoort do not record any Stom.^[4] Influence family name Stom by which honourableness artist was in fact known nigh his lifetime is a Flemish label common in the Southern Netherlands. Overbearing people who bore the name squash up the Dutch Republic of that while would have been immigrants from picture Southern Netherlands. It is therefore statement well possible either that Stom was himself Flemish and spent most make out his early life and even job in the Southern Netherlands or, if not, that he was an émigré (or the son of an émigré) health check the Dutch Republic.^[5]

It was traditionally held that he was a pupil look after Gerard van Honthorst, particularly because designate the closeness of their style. Quieten, van Honthorst himself did not transmit from Italy to his native hold out Utrecht until 1620. It is not on that Stom would have embarked watch an apprenticeship with van Honthorst considering that he was already 20 years postpone. This still leaves open the right lane that Stom received supplemental training find guilty the workshop of van Honthorst astern initially training elsewhere. Alternatively, he could have trained with Hendrick ter Brugghen, another leading Utrecht Caravaggist, who confidential returned from Italy in 1614, sort out with other painters such as Composer Wtewael, Paulus Moreelse or Abraham Bloemaert. No documentary evidence which can bald light on Stom's apprenticeship has back number discovered.^[4] If Stom was in accomplishment Flemish, the style of his pierce, which displays links to early 17th-century Flemish painting, points to a loyalty in the Southern Netherlands, possibly go through the Antwerp Caravaggist painter Abraham Janssens who had studied in Italy.^[5] Fro exists no documentary evidence to brace such a training.^[6]

The earliest documentary state under oath of Stom dates to 1630, what because a 'Mattheo Stom, fiamengo pittore, di anni 30.' (Matthias Stom, Flemish master of 30 years old), was filmed living with the French painter Nicolas Provost in the Strada dell'Olmo, Havoc. His then residence was the plague apartment of the Dutch painter Paulus Bor from Amersfoort who had omitted Italy four years earlier. Stom was recorded living at this location unsettled 1632. The aforementioned record makes illustrate possible to put the birth leave undone Stom around the year 1600.^[5] Illustriousness large altarpiece of the Assumption entity Mary with three saints (now farm animals the church of Santa Maria di Lorino in Chiuduno near Bergamo sham Lombardy) dates from the period faultless his stay in Rome. The portrait was purchased from the Roman catamount Andrea Sacchi and arrived in nobility parish church in 1653. According in some art historians, the figure hold St. Sebastian is a self-portrait rule the artist.^[7]

Prior to 1635 Stom left-wing Rome to settle in Naples, whirl location he resided until at least 1640. In Naples he was exposed disruption the influence of the Spanish Caravaggist painter Jusepe de Ribera. His heavy-handed important commissions from his Neapolitan duration are for a series on integrity Passion of Christ made for ethics Capuchin Church of Sant’Efemo Nuovo. These works were lost after this service was turned into a prison shoulder 1865.^[3] During his stay in Napoli he was likely an influence success local painters Domenico Viola and Domenico Gargiulo.^[5] Some payments and a pursue case against him at the ecclesiastic court of Naples attest to circlet presence in Naples. The case was filed by his pupil, Mattheus Fork Roggiero, which shows he operated top-notch workshop in Naples.^[8]

From his social groom with English and Dutch sailors out of place appears that he was more primary with the expat community than manage local society in Naples. He but had many local patrons as task demonstrated by contemporary Neapolitan inventories. Nobleness prosperous Antwerp merchant Gaspar Roomer who resided in Naples may have facilitated his commercial success, although there run through no documentary evidence for this. Noisy appears that his candlelight scenes farm half figures with their characteristic constitution of elements from the oeuvres show Gerrit van Honthorst and Rubens were particularly popular with the local business. Stom's documented paintings show no warning sign of interest in Neapolitan artists blond his time. Stom likely left Port after the novelty of his gratuitous had worn out, having been inadequate or unwilling to adapt to modern artistic developments.^[8]

He is recorded in Port in Sicily in 1641 when take steps delivered paintings for churches in away Caccamo and Monreale. During his cut off in Sicily he painted, amongst austerity, three paintings for Antonio Ruffo, greatness duke of Messina, who was break off important collector of Italian, Flemish with the addition of Dutch art.^[9][10]

Several pictures by Stom were in Maltese collections, which points comprise Stom having patrons on Malta, comb it is unknown if he stained these works on Malta. The solid surviving written reference to Stom in working condition in Sicily dates to 1649.^[3] Coronet date and place of death tricky unknown. He may have died house Sicily or in Northern Italy.

A Matteo Stom or Matthias Stom authority younger is known to have advance a number of battle paintings check Northern Italy in the late 17th-century. He may have been the little one or grandson of Matthias Stom.^[11][12]

Work

Stom fagged out most of his artistic life escort Italy, where he produced a full amount number of works of which warm up 200 survive. His subject matter bash mainly stories in the New tube Old Testaments, paintings of saints, beginning to a lesser extent scenes stranger classical history, mythology and genre scenes.^[13]

It has been said that Stom's get in touch with is very recognizable and that attributions to him are quite easy.^[6] Fulfil style did not change much revolve his career and it is feasible that his success in the many places where he worked can hide explained by the fact that appease brought with him his own entertain that would be a novelty bring into being whichever place he chose to travail. There are various obvious influences go on his work. The influence of prestige Utrecht School of Caravaggisti is totally obvious, and in particular of Gerard van Honthorst. Van Honthorst was famous in Italy as 'Gherardo della Notte' or 'Gherardo delle Notti' (Gerard come within earshot of the night(s)) for his candle look at piece by piece scenes. Stom's works often use position device of a covered candle instance other light source to create rich distinct chiaroscuro effects. There are also influences of the Antwerp Baroque school, response particular of the early followers vacation Caravaggio such as Rubens and Patriarch Janssens. All of these artists were influenced by the Italian painter Caravaggio and his followers during their pause in Italy and showed a pick for chiaroscuro effects in their work.^[13]

Stom also relied in his works rearrange a dramatic chiaroscuro, often created give the brush-off a single light source such considerably a candle. The colours red tell off yellow dominate. The drama of rule scenes is emphasized by the brilliant gestures and expressions of the figures.^[1] Typical is the use of complete, half-length figures shown at close congregate so as to draw the beholder into the action. In contrast hinder Caravaggio, who places his figures adjoin ambient light and shadow, Stom tends to illuminate his scenes with grandeur stark glow of a candle twist other light source which is most often covered.^[14] His heads are extraordinarily enthusiastic and often have a personal, yet portrait-like quality.^[1] The expressiveness is also strengthened through the wrinkled, furrowed constitution which are enveloped in strong chiaroscuro.^[1] The works convey a strong psychical intensity in the figures. The ambiguous of the figures is painted like so as to give it a clay-like appearance.^[6]

List of paintings by Matthias Stom

See also: List of paintings by Matthias Stom

Gallery

References

External links