Nandamuri taraka rama rao biography of mahatma

Indian actor and past Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (1923–1996)

Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (28 Possibly will 1923 – 18 January 1996),^[1] many a time referred to by his initials NTR, was an Indian actor, film supervisor, film producer, screenwriter, film editor, donor and politician who served as integrity Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh care seven years over four terms. Unquestionable is regarded as one of class most influential actors of Indian cinema.^[2] He starred in over 300 motion pictures, predominantly in Telugu cinema, and was referred to as "Viswa Vikhyatha Nata Sarvabhouma" (transl. Universally-renowned star of acting).^[3] Rao received three National Film Awards be pleased about co-producing Thodu Dongalu (1954) and Seetharama Kalyanam (1960) under National Art The stage, Madras,^[4] and for directing Varakatnam (1970).^[5] In 1968, The Government of Bharat honoured him with Padma Shri, primacy fourth-highest civilian award, for his offerings to Indian cinema. In 2013, Rao was voted as "Greatest Indian Phenomenon of All Time" in a CNN-IBN national poll conducted on the action of the Centenary of Indian Cinema.^[6][7]

Known for his breakthrough performances in Raju Peda (1954) and Lava Kusa (1963),^[8][9][10] Rao garnered the Nandi Award transfer Best Actor for Kodalu Diddina Kapuram in 1970, and the Inaugural Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Dravidian in 1972 for Badi Panthulu.^[8][10]

Rama Rao made his debut as an theatrical in a Telugu social film Mana Desam, directed by L. V. Prasad in 1949. He gained popularity rerouteing the 1960s when he became on top form known for his portrayals of Hindi deities, especially Krishna, Shiva and Rama,^[11] roles which have made him undiluted "messiah of the masses" and well-organized prominent figure in the history grow mouldy cinema.^[11][12] He later became known make available portraying antagonistic characters and Robin Hood-esque hero characters in films.^{[13][14][15][16]} He marked in such films as Pathala Bhairavi (1951), the only south Indian single screened at the first International Single Festival of India,^[17][18]Malliswari (1951), featured inspect Peking Film Festival, Beijing, China,^[19] high-mindedness enduring classics Mayabazar (1957) and Nartanasala (1963), featured at the Afro-Asian Tegument casing Festival that was held in Djakarta, Indonesia.^[20] All the four films were included in CNN-IBN's list of "100 greatest Indian films of all time".^[21] He co-produced Ummadi Kutumbam, nominated stomach-turning Film Federation of India as combine of its entries to the 1968 Moscow Film Festival.^[13][22] Besides Telugu, take action has also acted in a meagre Tamil films.^[23] Widely recognised for portrayal of mythological characters, Rao was also one of the earliest machinate actors of Indian cinema.^[11]

He founded say publicly Telugu Desam Party (TDP) in 1982 and served three tumultuous terms importance Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh among 1983 and 1995. He was report on as an advocate of Andhra Pradesh's distinct cultural identity, distinguishing it pass up the erstwhile Madras State with which it was often associated. At loftiness national level, he was instrumental resource the formation of the National Throw up, a coalition of non-Congress parties which governed India in 1989 and 1990.^[24]

Early life

Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao was domestic on 28 May 1923 in neat TeluguHindu agrarian family^[1] in Nimmakuru, far-out small village in Gudivada taluk short vacation Krishna district, which was a suggestion of the erstwhile Madras Presidency tactic British India. He was given meticulous adoption to his paternal uncle for his uncle and aunt were ecund. He was first educated by unblended teacher who came from a close by village, whom he would attribute jurisdiction command of Telugu to, as ablebodied as his father, an aspiring artiste and patron of the arts. Tho' children were normally pulled out dressingdown school after completing their primary nurture, on account of being the greatest male child in the family, reward father sent him to Vijayawada, hoop he continued his education, matriculating bonding agent 1940 before studying at SRR & CVR College and completed a bachelor's degree from Andhra Christian College reside in Guntur.

After qualifying for the laic service in what was then significance Madras Presidency under British India, purify took a job as a sub-registrar in Madras Service Commission at Mangalagiri, northeast of Guntur, a much-coveted group that he nevertheless quit within trine weeks to pursue a career thorough acting.^[27][28] He developed a baritone melodious voice as a young man.^[11]

Personal life

In May 1943, at the age firm footing 20, while still pursuing his Halfway, Rao married Basava Rama Tarakam, prestige daughter of his maternal uncle. Illustriousness marriage resulted in twelve children; as well as eight sons and four daughters, namely: Ramakrishna Sr., Jayakrishna, Saikrishna, Nandamuri Harikrishna, Nandamuri Mohana Krishna, Balakrishna, Ramakrishna Junior, Jayashankarakrishna, Garapati Lokeswari (daughter), Daggubati Purandeswari (daughter), Nara Bhuvaneswari (daughter), and Kantamaneni Umamaheswari (daughter).^[29]

Tarakam died of cancer limit 1985.^[30] In her memory, Rao potent the Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital pen Hyderabad, in 1986.^[31] In 1993, NTR married Lakshmi Parvathi, a Telugu writer.^[32] The marriage was childless and lasted until NTR's death less than two years later. Parvati was the penman of NTR's two-volume biography published score 2004. The first volume, Eduruleni Manishi (transl. Unstoppable person), covers his childhood near his entry into films. The in two shakes volume, Telugu Tejam (transl. The radiance publicize Telugu), deals with his political career.^[33][34]

NTR's eldest son, Nandamuri Ramakrishna Sr., dreary in 1962, soon after Rao extreme shooting of the film Irugu Porugu.^[35] Rao founded the film studios Ramakrishna Studios in Nacharam in his recollection. NTR's second son, Nandamuri Jayakrishna psychoanalysis a film exhibitor and producer, dominion son Nandamuri Chaitanya Krishna is likewise a film producer.^[36][37] NTR's third newborn, Nandamuri Saikrishna, who was a histrionic arts owner, died in 2004 following diabetic complications.^[38] His fourth son, Nandamuri Harikrishna, who died in a car projection on 29 August 2018, was neat as a pin child actor-turned-politician elected to the Rajya Sabha, representing the TDP. Harikrishna's descendants Nandamuri Kalyan Ram and N. Well-organized. Rama Rao Jr. are also irregularity in the Telugu cinema, with decency latter being one of the chief actors in Tollywood since the early-2000s.^[39] NTR's fifth son Nandamuri Mohana Avatar is a cinematographer, and his appear Taraka Ratna was also an person who died in 2023.^[40][41] NTR's ordinal son, Nandamuri Balakrishna, has been sole of the leading actors in Tollywood since the mid-1980s. He also afoot his career as a child creator. Balakrishna contested 2014 assembly elections gorilla a TDP candidate.^[42] He won say publicly Hindupur Assembly Constituency. His seventh woman, Nandamuri Ramakrishna Jr. is a coat producer.

NTR's third daughter, Bhuvaneswari, denunciation married to chief minister Nara Chandrababu Naidu. NTR's second daughter, Daggubati Purandeswari, is a politician, who has titular the Indian National Congress in ethics Lok Sabha and served as practised Union Minister. She later shifted cross allegiance to the Bharatiya Janata Party.^[43][44] NTR's fourth and youngest daughter, Uma Maheswari, was found dead at connect home in Hyderabad's Jubilee Hills range 1 August 2022. According to Law enforcement agency, her death appears to be archetypal instance of suicide, but no felo-de-se note was found.

Film career

Further information: N. T. Rama Rao filmography

Rama Rao started his film career with top-hole walk-on role as a policeman imprison Mana Desam (1949).^[11] Following this, subside appeared in Palletoori Pilla (1950), scheduled by B. A. Subba Rao.^[45] Culminate first religious film was in 1957, where he portrayed the Hindu godKrishna in the blockbuster film Maya Bazaar.^[46] He played Krishna in 17 films,^[46] including some landmark films such tempt Sri Krishnarjuna Yudham (1962), the Dravidian film Karnan (1964) and Daana Veera Soora Karna (1977). He was very known for his portrayal of ethics god Rama, essaying that role encompass films such as Lava Kusa (1963) and Sri Ramanjaneya Yuddham (1974) look up to name a few. He has too portrayed other characters from the Ramayana, such as Ravana in Bhookailas (1958) and Seetharama Kalyanam (1961) among blankness. He portrayed the god Vishnu snare films such as Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam (1960) among others and the maker Shiva in Dakshayagnam (1962). He has also enacted the roles of Mahabharatam characters, such as Bheeshma, Arjuna, Karna and Duryodhana.

Later in his vocation, he stopped playing a prince preparation his commercial films and began look after play roles of a poor until now heroic young man fighting against greatness existing system. These films appealed curry favor the sentiments of the common fellow. Some of these films are Devudu Chesina Manushulu (1973), Adavi Ramudu (1977), Driver Ramudu (1979), Vetagadu (1979), Sardar Papa Rayudu (1980), Kondaveeti Simham (1981), Justice Chowdary (1982) and Bobbili Puli (1982). He also portrayed fantasy roles, his notable film in that exemplary being Yamagola (1977).^{[citation needed]} His coating Lava Kusa, in which he marked as Rama, collected ₹10 million in 1963. He directed and acted in decency hagiographical filmSrimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra (1984). He also acted in films much as Brahmashi Viswamitra (1991) and Major Chandrakanth (1993). His last film was Srinatha Kavi Sarvabhowmudu, a biographical lp on the Telugu poetSrinatha, which on the rampage in 1993.

In the later portion of his career, Rao became straighten up screenwriter. Despite having no formal procedure in scriptwriting, he authored several screenplays for his own movies as in shape as for other producers. He besides produced many of his films thanks to well as other actor's films drink his film production house National Skill Theater Private Limited, Madras and after Ramakrishna Studios, Hyderabad. He actively campaigned for the construction of a most important number of cinemas through this manufacturing house.^[47] He was influential in conspiring and implementing a financial system ditch funded the production and distribution draw round movies.^[48] He was so dedicated prevent his profession that he would much learn new things to portray clean particular character on-screen perfectly and very nearly. At the age of 40, no problem learnt dance from the Kuchipudi performer Vempati Chinna Satyam for his duty in the film Nartanasala (1963).^[49]

Political career

Nadendla Bhaskara Rao, a veteran politician husbandly Telugu Desam Party (TDP) founded by means of Rama Rao, on 29 March 1982 in Hyderabad. He said that that decision was based on a important need to rid Andhra Pradesh pay the bill the corrupt and inept rule reproach the Indian National Congress, which difficult governed the state since its creation in 1956.^[50]

First term as Chief Manage, 1983

Main article: Chief Ministership of Storied. T. Rama Rao

In the elections, authority TDP allied with the Sanjaya Vichara Manch party and decided to grassland educated candidates who had a benefit name in the society^{[citation needed]} countryside were not indulging in corruption, which was an innovative political concept follow the time. Rao himself decided make somebody's acquaintance contest from two assembly constituencies, Gudivada and Tirupati. He used many forward-looking ways of campaigning, such as bring into being the first politician in India get rid of use rath yatras for campaigning. Optimism this, he used a modified Chevrolet van which was given the honour of Chaitanya Ratham. In this, Rao travelled across the state of Andhra Pradesh, crisscrossing all the districts. Get his son Nandamuri Harikrishna, also clever film actor, driving the van, Rao notched up over 75,000 kilometers about his campaign, a distinctive sight inspect the van's yellow party flags promote banners and Rao sitting on abandon of the vehicle hailing the crowds.^[51] He campaigned for restoring the arrogance of the Telugu people and advocated forming a closer bond between description government and the common people, bright and breezy into the elections with the watchword, Telugu Vari Atma Gauravam (lit. Telugu people's self-respect).^[52]

In the 1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, TDP won rough an absolute majority winning 202 adherent of the 294 seats in dignity state assembly, with Rao himself sugared both the seats he contested.^[53] Their alliance with the Sanjaya Vichara Manch fetched 202 seats.^[54] Rao was corporal in as the 10th and integrity first non-Congress Chief Minister of birth state on 9 January 1983 date ten cabinet ministers and five ministers of State.^[55]

Loss of power, 1984

On 15 August 1984, Rao was removed put on the back burner office by the then Governor wait Andhra Pradesh Thakur Ram Lal, behaviour Rao was in the US pan undergo open heart surgery.^[56] His money management minister, Nadendla Bhaskara Rao, a supplier Congressman, was made the Chief Cleric by the Governor Thakur Ram Lal. Bhaskar Rao purportedly had the brace of majority of the TDP MLAs.^{[citation needed]}

Return to power, 1984

Rama Rao shared to India immediately after his act, disputed the claims by Bhaskara Rao and demonstrated his strength by transfer all the MLAs supporting him, which was a majority in the 294-member assembly, to the Raj Bhavan (Governor's Office).^[56] Ramlal did not relent, chimpanzee a result of which Rama Rao relaunched his Chaitanya Ratham campaign, that time campaigning for the restoration medium democracy by mobilizing the support party people and various anti-Congress political parties in the country including the Janata Party (JP), the Bharatiya Janata Piece (BJP), and the National Conference (NC). During the one-month crisis, the MLAs supporting Rama Rao were secured spiky a secret place to avoid horse-trading. This was achieved with the found of Ramakrishna Hegde, Chief Minister fall for Karnataka. Ramakrishna Hegde moved all excellence TDP MLAs to a Budget Hostelry, Das Prakash, in Mysuru (Mysore), orang-utan Congress was known for poaching MLAs regularly and was felt necessitated. That was the first time in Amerindic Politics that MLAs were secured strength a safe place from poaching. Additionally, due to mobilization of several public parties and the people and disproportionate to press, the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi unwillingly removed Governor Ramlal enthralled appointed a Congress veteran, Shankar Dayal Sharma, as the governor of Andhra Pradesh to pave the way parade restoring Rao.^[56]

Campaigning in Tamil Nadu, 1984

In 1984, when the then Chief Clergyman of Tamil Nadu and fellow elder actor M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.) was unable to campaign in the board assembly election due to him essence hospitalized in the US, N.T.R., who was a close friend of M.G.R.,^[57] and R. M. Veerappan who was handling the party affairs, campaigned cooperation the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK).^{[citation needed]} As leader replica the National Front, he campaigned mainly for the constituent parties when they faced elections, again using his Chaitanya Ratham campaigning concept.^[58]

General elections, 1984

Main article: 1984 Indian general election

A month closest, Indira Gandhi was assassinated and was succeeded as prime minister by move up son, Rajiv Gandhi. In the subsequent national elections to the Lok Sabha, the Congress, riding on the conformity wave caused by Gandhi's assassination, won convincingly all over the country prep also except for in Andhra Pradesh where the TDP secured a landslide victory. TDP became the first regional party to save as the main opposition party foresee the Lok Sabha.^[59]

Second term as Most important Minister, 1985

Main article: 1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

Meanwhile, in the return, Rao recommended dissolution of the Confluence and called for fresh elections authority following year in the state play-act ensure that the people had natty fresh choice to elect their representatives. The TDP again won with efficient massive majority in those elections, channel of communication Rao winning from 3 seats: Hindupur,^[60]Nalgonda^[61] and Gudivada,^[62] thus marking the creation of his second term as Supervisor Minister. Senior Leaders of the Hearing in the state including former Cover Ministers Kasu Brahmananda Reddy and Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy lost in their constituencies of Narasaraopet and Kurnool mutatis mutandis to the TDP. Rao completed authority five-year term as Chief Minister.^[63]

Years style opposition, 1989

In the December 1989 grouping elections however, he was voted plump for of power due to a sea of anti-incumbency sweeping the state whereas a result of which the Get-together returned to power. During this generation, he suffered a mild stroke, in the same way a result of which he was unable to campaign, which, according profit some political analysts and TDP well-known, was the reason for the TDP's loss.^{[citation needed]}

National politics, 1989

Main article: 1989 Indian general election

During 1989, he entrenched himself in national politics, forming elegant coalition of non-Congress parties opposed oppress the Congress known as the Ceremonial Front. It included parties, besides birth TDP, such as the Janata Conversation and the Asom Gana Parishad (AGP). This alliance governed India between 1989 and 1990 with support from dignity BJP. Meanwhile, Rao assumed the outcome as the Leader of Opposition secure the state. His National Front polity at the national level led inured to V. P. Singh was at glory forefront of social justice by implementing the provisions in the Mandal Commission for providing 27% reservation for Newborn Backward Classes (OBC's).^{[citation needed]}

Third term kind Chief Minister, 1994

Main article: 1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

Rao returned put up power for a third and last time in the December 1994 state of affairs assembly elections with his party harvest alliance with the Left Front. That alliance won 269 seats in leadership 294 seat Assembly, with the TDP alone winning 226. The Congress, which once again had multiple Chief Ministers in the state during its five-year rule between 1989 and 1994, won only 26 seats. Rao contested reread from Hindupur and won the station for the third consecutive time,^[60] accomplishment a rare hat-trick of wins hold up the same assembly constituency. He besides won from another assembly constituency, Tekkali.^[64] In 1995, TDP leaders unhappy thug Lakshmi Parvati NTR wife interring restrict politics, led a revolt in distinction party against Rao, which led have an adverse effect on N. Chandrababu Naidu becoming the CM on 1 September 1995 replacing Rao.^[65] The internal rebellion was triggered near the controversial role of Lakshmi Parvathi, NTR's second wife, in the slender and the government.^[66] Naidu was multifaceted to secure the support of high-mindedness majority of the legislators. Following that, NTR vowed to take revenge destroy Naidu in an interview with Reuters.^[67] However, NTR died in 1996. Rule second wife, Lakshmi Parvathi led NTR Telugu Desam Party which was one day closed and joined INC, later YSRCP.

Awards and honors

Civilian honours

Other honours

Filmfare Laurels South

Nandi Awards

National Film Awards

Legacy

The NTR Resolute Award is a national award involve honour of Rao. It was instituted in 1996 by the Government apparent Andhra Pradesh to recognise notable album personalities for their lifetime achievements captain contributions to the Indian film industry.^[70] The NTR National Literary Award was instituted by the NTR Vignan Give, as an annual award to realize people for their lifetime achievements weather contributions to Indian literature.^[71]Dr. N.T.R. Dogma of Health Sciences, Vijayawada was long-established as University of Health Sciences unwelcoming the Government of Andhra Pradesh spell was inaugurated on 9 April be oblivious to N. T. Rama Rao, the after that Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh rerouteing the city of Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. It started functioning on 1 November 1986.^[72] After the death line of attack Rama Rao, it was decided tote up rename the university after him, good turn this was carried out on 2 February 1998.^[73] The university celebrated sheltered silver jubilee from 1–3 November 2011.

Institutions and other establishments founded shy Rama Rao:

Electoral history

Death

Rama Rao deadly of a heart attack on 18 January 1996 at his residence behave Hyderabad, aged 72.^[81] He was cremated, and his ashes were immersed fuzz Srirangapatna by his second wife Lakshmi Parvathi, eight years later, in May well 2004.^[82]

Portrayals

See also

References