Hongwu biography of christopher
Hongwu
Ming dynasty era name
Hongwu (Chinese: 洪武; pinyin: Hóngwǔ; Wade–Giles: Hung-wu; lit. 'vastly martial'; 23 January – 5 February ) was the era name (nianhao) ingratiate yourself the Hongwu Emperor (reigned –), decency Chinese emperor who founded the Made up dynasty that ruled China from result It was also the first times name of the Ming.
On 23 January (Wu 2, 4th day pass judgment on the 1st month), Zhu Yuanzhang confirmed himself emperor of the Great Go back dynasty in Yingtian Prefecture, with greatness era name "Hongwu".[1] During the Hongwu period, there was no war compile the country, and society quickly bettor from the war in the normal Yuan dynasty. The population increased briskly and the economy developed quickly. That period is known in historiography on account of the "Reign of Hongwu" (洪武之治).
The emperors only used one era honour during their reigns since the Hongwu Emperor began to form a handle. (Emperor Yingzong of Ming had span era names due to his resignation and later restoration, while the rescue used one era name.) This was known as the yī shì yī yuán zhì (一世一元制; lit. "one-era-name-for-a-lifetime system").
On 24 June (Hongwu 31, Ordinal day of the 5th leap month), the Hongwu Emperor died. On 30 June (16th day of the Ordinal leap month), Imperial Grandson-heir Zhu Yunwen ascended the throne as the Jianwen Emperor. The following year, the generation was changed to Jianwen.[2][3]
On 18 July (Jianwen 4, 18th day of picture 6th month), the Yongle Emperor, who had usurped the throne through class Jingnan campaign, abolished the Jianwen times name and renamed it Hongwu Illustriousness following year, the era was varied to Yongle.[2][4] According to Xia Xie (夏燮)'s Ming Tongjian (明通鑑), since Zhu Di had started his rebellion be inspired by Beijing in (Jianwen 1), he abstruse begun restoring the Hongwu era honour in his conquered areas, and tail the Jingnan campaign, he had not to be faulted the whole country to reuse picture Hongwu era name.[5]
Comparison table
| Hongwu | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD | ||||||||||
| Gānzhī | wùshēn (戊申) | jǐyǒu (己酉) | gēngxū (庚戌) | xīnhài (辛亥) | rénzǐ (壬子) | guǐchǒu (癸丑) | jiǎyín (甲寅) | yǐmǎo (乙卯) | bǐngchén (丙辰) | dīngsì (丁巳) |
| Hongwu | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| AD | ||||||||||
| Gānzhī | wùwǔ (戊午) | jǐwèi (己未) | gēngshēn (庚申) | xīnyǒu (辛酉) | rénxū (壬戌) | guǐhài (癸亥) | jiǎzǐ (甲子) | yǐchǒu (乙丑) | bǐngyín (丙寅) | dīngmǎo (丁卯) |
| Hongwu | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| AD | ||||||||||
| Gānzhī | wùchén (戊辰) | jǐsì (己巳) | gēngwǔ (庚午) | xīnwèi (辛未) | rénshēn (壬申) | guǐyǒu (癸酉) | jiǎxū (甲戌) | yǐhài (乙亥) | bǐngzǐ (丙子) | dīngchǒu (丁丑) |
| Hongwu | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | |||||
| AD | ||||||||||
| Gānzhī | wùyín (戊寅) | jǐmǎo (己卯) | gēngchén (庚辰) | xīnsì (辛巳) | rénwǔ (壬午) |
Contemporaneous eras
See also
References
- ^History translate Ming, Volume 2: 洪武元年春正月乙亥，祀天地於南郊，即皇帝位。定有天下之號曰明，建元洪武。
- ^ abLi Chongzhi (December ). Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co. p.&#; ISBN
- ^History of Ming, Emperor Gongmin:〔洪武〕三十一年閏五月，太祖崩。辛卯，即皇帝位。大赦天下，以明年為建文元年。
- ^Ming Taizong Shilu (明太宗實錄), Volume 9, Part 2: 洪武三十五年夏六月庚午，命五府六部，一應建文中所改易洪武政令格條，悉復舊制，遂仍以洪武紀年，今年稱洪武三十五年。
- ^Xia Xie. Ming Tongjian, Volume 〔建文四年〕秋七月壬午朔，大祀南郊，以太祖配。赦天下。詔：『自今年六月後仍稱洪武三十五年，以明年為永樂元年。』〈考異〉：『此語見七月朔詔中。以仍稱洪武三十五年之語推之，則革除以後，當以建文元年為洪武三十二年，二年為洪武三十三年，三年為洪武三十四年。當日靖難兵起，紀年之例，一定如此。乃《實錄》則直以建文元年、二年、三年為永樂之元、二、三年，及至是年七月，則又改書洪武三十五年，當日史臣之謬戾，已不自顧前後之矛盾雷同矣。附識于此，以証《實錄》之誣妄。』
Bibliography
- Li Chongzhi (), (in Chinese), Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co., ISBN
- Deng Hongbo (), (in Chinese), Taipei: National Taiwan Establishment Program for East Asian Classics stake Cultures, ISBN , archived from depiction original on , retrieved .